Anal and rectal cancer can be scary diagnoses, which is why we specialize only in the most effective of care. Depending on where your cancer is localized, you may have a couple of different options when it comes to the removal of the tumor. Most surgeries are used in conjunction with chemotherapy or radiation, so make sure to develop a full plan of treatment with your oncologist. In the meantime, let’s discuss your rectal cancer surgery options.
Types of Rectal Cancer Surgery
There are three basic, surgical types of rectal cancer treatment. Let’s take a look at the different types of rectal cancer surgery:
LAR Surgery
With a low anterior resection (LAR) procedure, your surgeon will completely remove the cross-section of the bowel (and any surrounding lymph nodes) that the tumor resides in. Once the cancerous mass is removed, the two remaining healthy ends of your bowel are reconnected with sutures or staples (this is called anastomosis).
Depending on how much bowel was removed, your surgeon may place a temporary colostomy or ileostomy so as to not aggravate the internal healing process. Once you are healed, you’ll be able to have normal bowel movements again.
Best Candidate? This surgery is best for patients whose cancer is not widespread and is localized to a clearly defined area that doesn’t involve the anal opening. This surgery can be performed laparoscopically to minimize downtime and scarring.
APR Procedure
If your cancer is at the end of your digestive tract, it may be necessary to remove the entire anal canal and sphincter. Unfortunately, this procedure normally requires that a permanent colostomy be performed, meaning you will need a stoma bag for your bowel movements henceforth. (Don’t worry though, many people find it’s easier to get used to than they’d thought!)
During an APR procedure, the main goal is to remove your cancerous mass and evaluate the surrounding tissue; if anal function can be preserved, your surgeon will try his or her best.
Best Candidate? This surgical option is usually performed on stage II or III cases, where the cancer is spread throughout the lower end of the rectum (closest to the anus). Patients who are starting to have issues with urine control rectal leakage are often prescribed this surgery as well.
Local Excision
If your cancer is within two inches of the anal opening and doesn’t extend into surrounding tissue, your surgeon may be able to perform a minimally invasive local excision. This surgery preserves the function of the anus so that patients can continue to have regular bowel movements. Cancer that has grown into the muscle wall of the anus may need to be treated with chemotherapy or radiation after the surgery.
Best Candidate? The local excision procedure is performed during a colonoscopy, making it the ideal option for those with very early stage cancer growths (or signs of possible cancer, such as polyps).
Rectal Cancer Treatment in Tampa
When you’re battling cancer, having knowledgeable doctors on your side can make a massive difference. Here at the Colorectal Clinic of Tampa Bay, we are well-versed in these three rectal cancer surgical procedures. Arm yourself with knowledge and talk to your oncologist and our colorectal specialists today.